Comprendiendo el significado del puerperio para las indígenas embera katíos de Tierralta, Córdoba, 2018 / Understanding the meaning of the puerperium for the embera indigenous of Tierralta, Cordoba, 2018 / Compreendendo o significado do puerpério para as indígenas embera katíos de Tierralta, Córdoba, 2018

Resumen Introducción: La diversidad cultural y étnica de los pueblos indígenas en Colombia hace necesario adoptar un enfoque diferencial en salud de las distintas culturas. Objetivo: Comprender el significado del puerperio asignado por la indígena embera katío, del municipio de Tierralta Córdoba, 2017-2018. Método: estudio etnográfico. Muestra teórica con 13 participantes claves; se emplearon los métodos de observación participante y entrevistas a profundidad. El análisis fue guiado por la propuesta de Leininger. Consideró aspectos éticos. Resultados: puerperio, denominado recién parida, es un período de cambios e incertidumbre, entre felicidad y peligro de enfermar o morir, que consta de cuatro patrones culturales: 1. Recién parida mi cuerpo cambia física y mentalmente; 2. recién parida sientes felicidad de estar acompañada y viva; 3. la recién parida está en peligro y siente temor a enfermar y a morir; 4. un tejido de atenciones y enseñanzas para cuidarme. Conclusiones: las puérperas embera katío consideran el puerperio como un proceso de cambios e incertidumbre, que puede ser peligroso por factores naturales, físicos y emocionales, que genera temor a enfermar o morir. Reconocen que su cuerpo debe recuperarse y cerrarse después del parto para no padecer enfermedades, y requieren de un tejido de acompañamiento entre atenciones brindadas especialmente por la familia y cuidados de sí mismas.

Abstract Introduction: The cultural and ethnic diversity of indigenous peoples in Colombia makes it necessary to adopt a differential approach to the health of different cultures. Objective: To understand the meaning of puerperium assigned by the Embera Katío, from the municipality of Tierralta, Córdoba, 2017-2018. Method: ethnographic study. Theoretical sample with 13 key participants. Participant observation methods and in-depth interviews were used. The analysis was guided by Leininger's proposal. Ethical aspects were considered. Results: The puerperium, called "Recién Parida", is a period of change and uncertainty between happiness and danger of getting sick or dying, which consists of four cultural patterns: 1. Just after giving birth my body changes physically and mentally; 2. Right after giving birth I feel happy to be accompanied and alive; 3. Just after giving birth, I am in danger and I am afraid of getting sick and die; 4. A hatch of attention and teachings to take care of me. Conclusions: Embera Katío puerperal women consider puerperium as a process of change and uncertainty which can be dangerous due to natural, physical and emotional factors which generate fear of illness or death. They recognize that their body must recover and close after childbirth in order not to suffer from diseases, and they require a hatch of accompaniment between the care provided especially by the family and self-care.

Resumo Introdução: A diversidade cultural e étnica dos povos indígenas na Colômbia faz necessário adotar um enfoque diferencial em saúde das distintas culturas. Objetivo: Compreender o significado do puerpério assignado pela indígena embera katío, do município de Tierralta Córdoba, 2017-2018. Método: estudo etnográfico. Amuestra teórica com 13 participantes da pesquisa; se empregaram os métodos de observação participante e entrevistas a profundidade. O análise foi guiado pela proposta de Leininger. Considerou aspectos éticos. Resultados: puerpério, denominado "recién parida" (pós-parto), é um período de câmbios e incerteza, entre felicidade e perigo de adoecer ou morrer, que consta de quatro padrões culturais: 1. (Pós-parto) meu corpo cambia física e mentalmente; 2. (Pósparto) sente felicidade de estar acompanhada e viva; 3. (Pós-parto) a indígena está em perigo e sente temor de adoecer e morrer; 4. Um conjunto de atenções e ensinos para cuidar-me. Conclusões: As embera katíos depois do pós-parto consideram o puerpério como um processo de câmbios e incerteza, que pode ser perigoso por fatores naturais, físicos e emocionais, que gera temor a adoecer ou morrer. Reconhecem que seu corpo deve recuperar-se e fechar-se depois do parto para não sofrer doenças, e precisam dum conjunto de acompanhamento entre atenções brindadas especialmente pela família e cuidados de si mesmas.

Centro de Desarrollo Humano Comunitario: programa para familias afrocolombianas desde la investigación acción participativa / Community center for human development: program for African-Colombian families based on the participatory action research approach

RESUMEN Objetivo Describir la construcción de un Programa de Atención Primaria en Salud (APS) para familias afrocolombianas del Municipio de Guapi-Cauca. Metodología Investigación-Acción-Participativa (IAP). Resultados El programa de APS es una construcción colectiva entre el Grupo IAP y la Comisión de Apoyo y Seguimiento (CAS), efectuada en cuatro fases: 1. Preparación del campo; 2. Aproximándose al universo de las familias afrocolombianas del municipio de Guapi; 3. Construyendo el programa: Centro de Desarrollo Humano: con fuerza, alegría y amor echamos pa'lante las familias; y 4. Evaluación y socialización de resultados. Discusión La construcción colectiva del programa se realizó desde la perspectiva de la APS, la IAP y el contexto cultural, donde los expertos son la comunidad, profesionales de la salud e instituciones, quienes desde su cotidianidad y visión del mundo tienen la capacidad de examinar, reflexionar y participar en la transformación de la realidad. Parten de planear, desarrollar y evaluar acciones en entornos saludables, involucrando no solo el espacio físico, sino el trabajo con las familias y la comunidad basadas en las necesidades, percepciones, creencias y acciones frente a la salud. El "Centro de Desarrollo Humano Comunitario", permite un proceso de participación comunitaria hacia el logro de entornos saludables, que contribuyen a mejorar la salud de la población afrocolombiana, mediante la participación activa de familias, comunidad, instituciones y profesionales de salud, quienes partiendo de la realidad y mediante el intercambio de saberes, generan acciones dirigidas a la salud de las familias extensas del Municipio de Guapi.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the process of construction of a program of Primary Health Care (PHC) for African-Colombian families in Guapi, Cauca. Methodology Participatory action research (PAR). Results The PHC program is a collective construction between the IAP Group and the Commission for Support and Follow-up (CAS), carried out in four phases: 1. Field preparation; 2. Approximation to the universe of the African-Colombian families of Guapi; 3. Building the program "Center for Human Development: with strength, joy and love we go 'pa'lante' families"; and 4. Evaluation and socialization of results. Discussion The collective construction of the program was conducted from the perspective of PHC, PAR and the cultural context, where the experts are the community, health professionals and institutions who have the ability to examine, reflect and participate in the transformation of reality based on their everyday life and view of the world. The starting point involves planning, developing and evaluating actions in healthy environments, relating not only to the physical space, but also to the work with families and community, taking into account needs, perceptions, beliefs, and actions towards health. The "Human Development Center Community" program allows a process of community participation towards achieving healthy environments to improve the health of the African-Colombian population, through the active participation of families, community, institutions and health professionals who, based on reality and knowledge exchange, generate actions directed to health of the large families of Guapi.(AU)

[Community center for human development: program for African-Colombian families based on the participatory action research approach]. / Centro de Desarrollo Humano Comunitario: programa para familias afrocolombianas desde la investigación acción participativa.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the process of construction of a program of Primary Health Care (PHC) for African-Colombian families in Guapi, Cauca. METHODOLOGY: Participatory action research (PAR). RESULTS: The PHC program is a collective construction between the IAP Group and the Commission for Support and Follow-up (CAS), carried out in four phases: 1. Field preparation; 2. Approximation to the universe of the African-Colombian families of Guapi; 3. Building the program "Center for Human Development: with strength, joy and love we go 'pa'lante' families"; and 4. Evaluation and socialization of results. DISCUSSION: The collective construction of the program was conducted from the perspective of PHC, PAR and the cultural context, where the experts are the community, health professionals and institutions who have the ability to examine, reflect and participate in the transformation of reality based on their everyday life and view of the world. The starting point involves planning, developing and evaluating actions in healthy environments, relating not only to the physical space, but also to the work with families and community, taking into account needs, perceptions, beliefs, and actions towards health. The "Human Development Center Community" program allows a process of community participation towards achieving healthy environments to improve the health of the African-Colombian population, through the active participation of families, community, institutions and health professionals who, based on reality and knowledge exchange, generate actions directed to health of the large families of Guapi.

Riesgo familiar y grado de salud de familias con adultoshospitalizados en una unidad de cuidado intensivo / Family risk and health degree of families with adults hospitalized in an intensive care unit

Se caracterizó el riesgo familiar total y el grado de salud de las familias con adultoshospitalizados en la unidad de cuidado intensivo (UCI) del Hospital San Juan de Dios dela ciudad de Armenia.MetodologíaEstudio descriptivo transversal de 50 familias con previo consentimiento informado,durante diciembre de 2010 y enero de 2011. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos: RiesgoFamiliar Total RFT 5-33 y Salud Familiar General ISF: GEN 21, validados en Colombia.ResultadosLas familias presentaron riesgo familiar total bajo (54,0%) y familias amenazadas (46,0%).La mayoría de las familias se percibieron saludables (76,0%), organizadas (96,0%) ysatisfechas (94,0%).ConclusiónTodas las familias tienen riesgos y requieren atención en salud, especialmente riesgossocioeconómicos, condiciones psico-afectivas, servicios y prácticas en salud. Se sugierereingeniería organizacional de los servicios de salud, con la familia como núcleo deatención, fortaleciendo así la organización y la satisfacción de las familias...

The total family risk and the degree of health of families with adults hospitalized in theintensive care unit (ICU) was characterized in the San Juan de Dios Hospital in the cityof Armenia.MethodologyDescriptive, Cross-sectional study of 50 families with prior informed consent, carried outduring December 2010 and January 2011. Two instruments were applied: Total FamilyRisk RFT 5-33 and General Family Health ISF: GEN 21, validated in ColombiaResultsFamilies presented a low total family risk (54,0%) and threatened families (46,0%). Mostfamilies perceived themselves as healthy (76,0%), organized (96,0%) and satisfied (94,0%).ConclusionAll families have risks and require health care, especially socio-economic risks, psychoaffective conditions, as well as services and health practices. Organizational reengineeringof health services is suggested, with the family at the heart of care, strengthening theorganization and satisfaction of families...